Primary immunodeficiency and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by a chronic or recurrent non invasive infection, mainly due to Candida albicans , in skin, nails, and mucous membranes, associated some cases with autoimmune manifestations. The key immune defect disruption of the action cytokine IL-17, whose most common genetic etiology STAT1 gene gain-of function (GOF) mutations. initial appropriate treatment for fungal infections azoles. However, frequent occurrence drug resistance main limitation. Therefore, identification underlying inborn error if immunity CMC may allow widening therapeutic options aimed at restoring immunological function. Type I II Janus Kinase -inhibitors have been shown control GOF. In this review, we delve into pathogenesis mechanisms. We describe reported defects which manifestation. Diagnostic approaches these patients are also offered.